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Jude The Obscure Essays - Jude The Obscure, Jude, Thomas Hardy

Jude The Obscure In life the job of a man has changed little in contrast with how much the job of a ladies has changed. In Jude the Ob...

Thursday, September 3, 2020

Jude The Obscure Essays - Jude The Obscure, Jude, Thomas Hardy

Jude The Obscure In life the job of a man has changed little in contrast with how much the job of a ladies has changed. In Jude the Obscure the you wayfarer a wide variaty of applied feminen characters. With exagerated properties of the applicaitons, it shows the genuine rang of assorted variety in the job of ladies. Arabella was a radical character in the noval, and huge numbers of her activities were viewed as extraordinary for her time. She left Jude while in wedlock and was unlawfully hitched to another man before she was appropriately separated from Jude. She assumed the job of the agitator, or on the other hand one against social laws. Arabella was an image of wrongdoing, and demonstrated to be as the unfit lady. The lady kind of lady to be looked down on. The essayist shows he cynicism toward her by the manner in which she is constantly indicated miserable. She was troubled with jude so she left him. She found another man yet there marriage was never legitimate or genuine, and as the book advanced she saw that she truly needed as with Jude, who not, at this point needed her for what she did to him. Thomas Hardy, the creator, was attempting to show that her revolutionary beliefs weren't right and for her transgressions she was rebuffed with suffering despondency. Sue then again was on the other end of the range. Sue was odd, and she even see herself as unusual furthermore, fiendish, yet spoke to a lady of righteousness and respect. She was a very inteligent lady, and exceptionally honorable. She spoke to a lady of class and height. She was particularly wanted by other men more for her unpredictability then whatever else. She was a mistery to men and it produced a savage enthusiasm for them. The most fascinating truth being she would not let her virginty go. Men were left baffled what's more, confounded. She did anyway have her negative viewpoints to her character. She hitched a man, and afterward asked to him to live with another. Something to that effect isn't regarded. She utilized the man she wedded for narrow minded reasons, which further clarifies the another point Hardy was attempting to make through Sue. He was making the point, ladies have a control over men, the intensity of temptation, and is regularly miss utilized for childish reasons. Nobody can stero type a lady on account of the outrageous differentiation in conduct, and Hardy showed this reality plainly in this noval. Strong took to lady, and gave both of you parts of ladies' temperament that unmistakably demonstrate the decent variety of lady themselves.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Free Essays on The Collapse Of Communism

as 'Socialism' or 'cl! ass battle'. What's more, Mikhail Gorbachev, who declared the supremacy of 'values regular to all humankind' over the 'class battle', was only following in the strides of his ancestors, who had step by step free themselves of the progressive highlights of C... Free Essays on The Collapse Of Communism Free Essays on The Collapse Of Communism The Collapse of Communism and The End of Cold War I’ll be talking about the issue of breakdown of socialism along the finish of cold war with the perspective on financial factor. All things considered, the distinguished belief system of socialism is clarified as the fundamental factor that drove the Eastern Europe and Soviet Union to the breakdown. Russian Historian, Vladimir Batyuk, portrays how the Gorbachev changes, and the breakdown of the Warsaw Pact and Soviet Union, changed Moscow's perspective on the world. The Communist belief system, as openly communicated by Soviet pioneers, not, at this point utilized terms like 'class battle by the 1970s. Mikhail Gorbachev's receptiveness toward the West, and his inward changes - perestroika - prompted the breakdown of the Cold War. Ideologically the Cold War started as right on time as 1917. After 1945, with the Soviet Union climbing to the status of superpower, the Cold War was moved likewise to the circle of geopolitics. Toward the finish of the 1980s, be that as it may, it became clear that the Communist examination had flopped pitiably. The Soviet lifestyle, portrayed by such revolting highlights as financial hardships, innovative stop and good corruption, lost its allure in any event, for the Soviet individuals themselves. During the 1920s and 1930s, the West had been frightened by Soviet Communist purposeful publicity. During the 1980s, then again, the Soviet specialists needed to stick Western communicates so as to keep up authority over its populace. The Communist belief system, which had invigorated the Cold War on the Soviet side, disintegrated step by step. By the 1940s the trademark of 'World Proletarian Revolution' had just vanished from Soviet purposeful publicity. After 1970, the Soviet chiefs fa vored also such words as 'Socialism' or 'cl! ass battle'. Furthermore, Mikhail Gorbachev, who broadcasted the supremacy of 'values normal to all humankind' over the 'class battle', was just following in the strides of his ancestors, who had bit by bit free themselves of the progressive highlights of C...

Friday, August 21, 2020

Market overview for elevator products and services

Market outline for lift items and administrations Total worldwide interest for lift/elevator items and administrations is anticipated to increment 5.6% every year through 2009 to more than $20 billion. Energizing increases will be monetary recuperation and extension in the develop markets of the created world, combined with progressing industrialization among the less propelled nations of Asia. The world lift advertise rose at a moderately sound pace all through the majority of the 1990s in a for the most part enthusiastic worldwide macroeconomic atmosphere. Fundamentally solid monetary development in creating nations was quickly hindered in 1997-1998 by a money related emergency overwhelming numerous East Asian and Latin Americans countries, just as Russia. Aftermath structure the emergency proceeded to antagonistically affect the lift showcase into 1999 and 2000, as patterns in the lift advertise will in general slack improvements in the large scale economy by a couple of years. In this manner, as the developing business sector started to recoup, development in Western Eur0pe and North America was discouraged in the wake of the worldwide financial log jam hastened in the US, in spite of the fact that by 2004 a recuperation was clear in many markets. In the created world, increases will mirror a normal recuperation in office development, as opening rates descend in major worldwide monetary focuses, for example, Tokyo and London. Over the long haul, advancement of the private part, particularly in the to a great extent undiscovered US advertise where single-family homes prevail, will likewise make openings, upheld by again populaces and guidelines, for example, the Americans with Disabilities Act. In Europe, appropriation of new EU-wide security guidelines for existing lifts will support the modernization/redesign administration fragment. The quickest development is foreseen on the planets creating districts Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa and the Middle East. In creating nations, showcase extension will reflect expanded urbanization, as practically all structures in enormous third-world urban areas require lifts. Secondary selling administrations are likewise not entrenched, even in progressively created nations, for example, South Korea and subsequently offer a sizable potential market which major worldwide providers, for example, OTIS are effectively attempting to create. China, which has just risen as the biggest worldwide lift showcase in unit terms, will keep on logging unstable increases, with the beginning of a worthwhile help reseller's exchange supporting the powerful OEM business. Practically 50% of the expansion in traveler and cargo lift unit deals will be owing to China, where per capita lift utilize stays under 10% of that commonplace of Western Europe. TABLE III 1 WORLD ELEVATOR MARKET BY REGION (billion dollars) Thing 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 World Urban Population (mil people) 2516 2811 3119 3443 3790 Bldg. Develop Expend (bil 2000$) 2900 3324 4254 5270 6661 $ lift/urban capita 10 11 12 15 17 $ lifts/000$ develop 8.6 9.0 9.1 9.6 9.9 World Elevator Market 24.9 30.0 38.5 50.5 66.2 North America : 4.0 5.0 5.8 7.4 8.9 US 3.6 4.5 5.1 6.5 7.8 Canada Mexico 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.1 Western Europe : 11.7 13.8 16.1 19.3 23.0 Asia/Pacific : 6.5 8.0 12.4 18.4 27.0 China 0.9 1.2 3.5 6.9 12.3 Japan 4.5 5.3 6.4 7.9 9.5 India 0.4 0.6 1.2 1.7 2.5 Other Asia/Pacific 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.9 2.7 Different Regions : 2.7 3.2 4.2 5.5 7.4 Latin America 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.9 2.5 Eastern Europe 1.2 1.4 1.8 2.3 3.0 Africa/Midest 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.9 Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. Diagram III 1 WORLD ELEVATOR MARKET BY REGION, 2009 ($50.5 billion) Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. 3.1.1 Regional Profile Given the modernized economies, very much created mechanical and business segments, prosperous buyer populaces and exceptionally advanced structure/nonbuilding development frameworks set up all through the created world, most OECD (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development) nations keep up huge markets for lift/elevator items and administrations comparative with populace and size of the economy. These incorporate the US, Western Europe, Japan (the biggest worldwide market in esteem terms, mirroring the countrys matured, urban populace and severe security norms) and Australia and New Zealand. The countries of Eastern Europe, particularly Russia and sure of the other increasingly industrialized conditions of the previous Soviet Union, additionally involve markets of some hugeness, yet they will in general be a lot littler in both outright and relative terms than those of the significant Western nations. In any case, the quickest developing markets for lift items and administrations are regularly found inside the creating locales, particularly Asia and to a lesser degree Latin America and Africa/Mideast also. As various nations inside these districts work to industrialize their economies, they are confronting rising framework development and modernization prerequisites, which has prompted broad structure development movement. Another key part of the industrialization procedure in many nations is expanding urbanization, as people and family units move from country zones to urban areas to take part in the becoming monetary open doors accessible there. Such elements are decidedly connected to the advancement of business sectors for development related items like lift frameworks; also, as the quantity of frameworks introduced expands, markets for related support/fix and in the long run modernization, administrations will in general rise as usual. 3.1.2 Multinational Parameters Trade Flows Like most ventures, the lift business has gotten progressively universal in scope in late decades. The physical idea of lift/elevator framework to a great extent, cumbersome, including various segment parts, and so on., renders them not effectively transportable. Likewise, lift makers regularly like to have nearby assembling limit, which permits them to all the more likely fulfill neighborhood prerequisites (e.g., guidelines and measures) and develop worthwhile secondary selling administration connections. Thusly, outside exchange in essence isn't as broad in the business as in most tough products fabricating organizations. Outside exchange is some what progressively common in the new parts and segments fragments of the business. Be that as it may, global venture on part of the main makers (and even a couple of the moderate sized and littler ones) is amazingly predominant. This appears as immediate responsibility for based auxiliaries, producing offices and different resources and after deals adjusting and specialized encouraging groups of people. In addition, as of late there has been an exertion with respect to significant makers, for example, OTIS and KONE to solidify their worldwide activities and move creation ability to bring down cost scenes in the creating scene, which has expanded the significance of cross-outskirt exchange. As the worldwide lift industry keeps on rebuilding and solidify, the command post of activities of the significant players is getting progressively less pertinent to the serious elements of the business, with a bunch of global organizations ruling the business in most geographic regions particularly concerning item fabricating. The administration portion remains extensively generally divided, however it also is uniting quickly. As worldwide organizations maker and introduce their frameworks in given nations, they have an immediate motivating force to put resources into after deals adjusting systems in these nations too, which is additionally provoking solidification in the administration fragment of the business. Such elements are relied upon to turn out to be more instead of less articulated going ahead, as the financial aspects of the business favor huge organizations with a global reach. 3.2 Demand by Product Service Lifts, elevators and related items are utilized to truly move people, cargo and once in a while different things starting with one spot then onto the next inside a structure, office or some other assigned spot. The development happens either vertically (on account of hoisting and lifting hardware), at a grade (elevators) or on a level plane (moving walkways). Lifts and elevators are in this way basic segments of numerous sorts of structures, particularly those with different floors or levels as well as including a broad measure of physical space. Total world interest for lift items and administrations is anticipated to increment 5.6% every year through 2009 to more than $50 billion, an improvement from the 1994-2004 pace. Powering additions will be a rise in new framework establishments, going with expected recuperation in nonresidential structure movement in Japan, Western Europe and the Americas. This will assist with counterbalancing some easing back in private structure development, which is a significant pointer of lift request outside of North America . Forestalling quicker gains particularly on the items kick the bucket is the high level of development of the lift/elevator advertise in the created world, which has incited driving sellers to target high development showcases in the Pacific Rim and other creating territories which hold the best potential for steady increments in new establishments going ahead. Likewise filling development will be mechanical advancements in letter age framework including chip based controls and sensors, remote observing, mechanized execution and produce further interest, at both the new establishment and modernization/update parts of the bargains. Also, retrofits to follow changing construction standards and government commands will restore the overhaul/modernization administrations advertise, particularly in North America and Western Europe. TABLE III 2 WORLD ELEVATOR EQUIPMENT SERVICE MARKET (billion dollars) Thing 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 Bldg Construct Expend (bil 2000$) 2900 3324 4254 5270 6661 $ lifts/000$ development 8.6 9.0 9.1 9.6 10.0 World Elevator Market 24.9 30.0 38.5 50.6 66.3 Gear : 8.8

Monday, June 15, 2020

Managed Care Organizations Essay - 275 Words

Managed Care Organizations (Essay Sample) Content: Managed Care OrganizationsAuthorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameUniversity AffiliationManaged Care OrganizationsManaged care organizations serve defined groups of people with limited resources in an integrated system of healthcare. Therefore, a single managed care organization can provide pay for care. Managed care organizations as providers are required to have competence, skills and fidelity to their patients. In the same context, managed care organizations have duties of stewardship and justice, which can significantly conflict with provider duties. This means that, managed care organizations have conflicting roles; hence, conflicting accountability, which requires the use of working strategies when involving physicians in managed care processes (Kongstvedt, 2012).Physicians perceived managed care as an added responsibility. Therefore, from this context, the main strategy is to eliminate such a perception through comprehensive education on the same. Well, to a greater degree, the re are added responsibilities; hence, the managed care organization should consider the provision of incentives to cater for this view. The incentives, which can be in the form of bonuses, will help in encouraging physicians to provide the most cost-effective and clinically appropriate care. On the other hand, managed care raises new ethical issues on the part of the patient, which the physician is required to comply with or observe (Mains, Lykens, Coustasse, 2003).This is an important issue, which the managed care organization must consider for effective or success in involving physicians in managed care. The organization must educate the physicians on these ethical issues to avoid possible ethical dilemmas. In the same context, patients must also understand their responsibilities on these ethical requirements to avoid putting the physician in potential legal cases (Kongstvedt, 2012). Then, managed care is complex, and the involvement of nurses can make physicians feel threatened. Therefore, managed care organizations must outline the roles of these two professionals to avoid possible conflicts, including possible dissatisfaction, which can compromise physician involvement in manage...

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Marketing Of Online Shopping For Fashion - 1306 Words

Introduction Online shopping for fashion started off well in South Korea due to the convenience and comfort of home, especially for young women. The fashion market in South korea is saturated with fast fashion at affordable pricing. Soo-Hee Kim, founder of StyleNanda, saw the chance to provide vibrant and unique fashion clothing to young women, thus StyleNanda started out online in 2005. A) Business market of StyleNanda Customer base: Demographics The age range of StyleNanda’s customer base is women between age 18 to 35. The company predominantly targets young middle class working women with high disposable income. They fall under the category of young female individuals from generation Y (Posner, 2011) who look for clothing steered towards complimenting their personality. Needs of customer base: Following the fashion trend The fashion design hub in Asia emerged in 2003. The yearly fashion week in Seoul has provided a front window for the world to understand trends coming from Asia. (Jamshed, 2015) Customers who are fans of Korean fashion keep a look out for new trends and designers in the market, with the focus mainly on street-style fashion. At the same period, Korean pop, part of the â€Å"Korean hallyu wave† infiltrated the consciousness of potential customers globally. (Narasaki, 2014) Customers of StyleNanda replicate the styles of their favourite idols, and are constantly on the search for fashion products to fulfill their needs. Fast fashion StyleNanda’sShow MoreRelatedCoordinate Brick And Mortar And Online Platforms1722 Words   |  7 PagesCOORDINATE BRICK MORTAR AND ONLINE PLATFORMS All parts of the brand must be consistent, particularly brick and mortar stores and online platforms. This is of high importance because of the rise in online shopping. According to Nick Hodson and Marco Kesteloo, two members of PwC’s Strategy group, three fourths of retail sales growth has occurred through online channels. About 15% of retailers’ total sales are occurring online. This steady online growth is giving back new life to the physical storesRead MoreA Statement Of Problem / Opportunity / Purpose Of Plan1250 Words   |  5 Pagesword of mouth marketing to market her trunk show events and she would like for me to find some other alternatives for her to market her events to people outside of her circle. B. Company Background: Carol Anderson has always had a love for the fashion industry. She moved from Omaha to Los Angeles where she had the opportunity to design for Nordstrom, her clothing quickly became a beloved brand by many, giving her a loyal customer following in stores across America. As the fashion and retail industryRead MoreThe Marketing Mix Of Nordstrom1236 Words   |  5 PagesIn Menswear of Nordstrom, they hold a very strong marketing mix. Within their marketing mix, they have product. Men’s wear in Nordstrom has a very large scale of items from mid-tier to high fashion. It consists of more than hundred brands. Some brands are offered exclusively at Nordstrom only for men’s wear, such as Paul Smith lines. The items for men’s wear is quality oriented and mostly British styled. The selection of items are also vary from suits to casual and even sportswear, too. In serviceRead MoreThe Driving Forces Of E Commerce For Asos1581 Words   |  7 Pagesperception of the product is about the quality, the variety, the fashionability and the price of the clothes. As the largest online fashion and beauty retailer, the 3rd most popular website for buying clothes, Asos stands for â€Å"As Shown on Stage† and fashionability. Meanwhile, Asos is developing a plan to control products quality as soon as they are made (Asos plc, 2014). The shopping experience is another aspect which customers care about. The website should be users-friendly. Asos is communicating withRead MoreThe Downfalls of Topshop1059 Words   |  4 Pagesbe knowledgeable on such a wide range of products. Website needs Improvement Topshop also has a poor, difficult to navigate website. Customers have difficulty with the Graphical User Interface which greatly inhibits the efficiency of the online shopping experience. Pest Analysis Opportunities Further Global Expansion With Topshops heavy establishment in the UK and the beginning of expansion into North America, further focus on market penetration in markets outside of the UK is key. ForRead MoreBarneys Marketing Plan1630 Words   |  7 PagesBARNEYS MARKETING PLAN Executive summary Barneys is planning to extend the target market by embracing budget fashionistas as well as current target customers who are fashion connoisseurs with a high disposable income and cutting-edge taste. It is because, according to Spending Pulse, Sales of luxury goods fell 27.6% in December 2009 compared with December 2008 including credit cards and cash. 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ZALORA Online fashion provide FREE nationwide delivery, FREE 30-day returns, Cash On Delivery, Phone Orders at +603 2382 2208 and more. ZALORA’s brands range from International favorites, High-end local designers and also an eclecticRead MoreSituational Analysis : The Wildlife Fund Of Kenya1237 Words   |  5 Pagesis under collaboration with Nikki Reed, an actress and a philanthropist, she has combined her passion for protecting animals with her fashion expertise to collaborate with the brand. Reed firmly believes that the transparency of a sustainable brand would reflect the quality. The idea of sustainable fashion should also mean ethical fashion – a cruelty-free fashion in its entirety. Before, Freedoms of Animals’ handbags started out as a trunk show in Bloomingdales Soho and are now sold in NordstromRead MoreBusiness Strategy And Why It Works1260 Words   |  6 Pagesseason. During one of my long online browsing sessions, I stumbled upon an online shoe store called ‘JustFab’ or in my words ‘a little piece of heaven!’ I have spent countless hours shopping on this website because they have what I desire. They are trendy, chic and affordable! However, in this blog article I will focus on their business strategy and why it works in the modern world of retail. â€Å"JustFab is an online store that offers an engaging and personalized shopping experience to over 35 million

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay on Environmental Racism - 1450 Words

When one discusses acts of racism, slander or the stereotyping of a group of people may come to mind. However, the concept of environmental racism is rarely considered. This form of racism positions dominant environmental framing as racially driven, in which people of color (i.e. minorities) are affected disproportionately by poor environmental practices. Communities of color throughout the United States have become the dumping grounds for our nation’s waste disposal, as well as home to agricultural and/or manufacturing industries that pollute the land. Government regulations and cultural practices have all contributed to environmental racism. The government’s policies have also negatively impacted low income groups as well as people of†¦show more content†¦Historically, â€Å"ideas of Black inferiority and White superiority have been embedded in multiple aspects of American culture, and many images and ideas in contemporary popular culture continue to devalu e, marginalize, and subordinate non-White racial populations†. Racism has influenced decades of land use, housing patterns, and infrastructure development. With the creation of housing subdivisions, the white and wealthy moved to modern communities, while the non-white and poor were left to live in areas that were rundown. Today, we see that in some cases, zoning laws have fueled environmental, as well as residential, racism. In certain communities around the nation, â€Å"expulsive† zoning has pushed out residents, and allowed industries to move into communities, and pollute the land, air, and water. These zoning laws define land for residential, commercial, or industrial uses, and impose narrower land-use restrictions. In this case certain individuals are forced to leave their community, and give any property they have up to these â€Å"dirty† industries. Without more stringent enforcement mechanisms and penalties in place, this nation will continue to see t his type of discrimination and environmental racism. Certain environmental justice frameworks attempt to turn the dominant environmental paradigm on its head and seek to prevent environmental threats before they occur. This paradigm is known as the PrecautionaryShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Environmental Racism916 Words   |  4 Pagespaper, we are going to provide a quick overview of what environmental justice is and when this phenomenon started to then analyze the dilemma of environmental racism in minorities’ neighborhoods. At the same time we will try to present some solutions to the matter as well as explain if we believe that this kind of social-race problem could be addressed in a near future or it will be ignored and forgotten by the new generations. The environmental justice movement is tightly related to the Civil RightsRead MoreEnvironmental Racism : Environmental Discrimination1677 Words   |  7 PagesGrace Dr. McCray Sociology 210 August 28, 2017 Environmental Racism Environmental racism refers to the inappropriate exposure of low-income or minority individuals to heavy chemicals, pollution, toxic wastes, pesticides, and, most importantly, clean air. According to Bullard, environmental racism refers to racial discrimination in environmental policy making, decision making, and/or any practice which results in equitable distribution of environmental burdens borne by society and based on race orRead MoreTaking a Look at Environmental Racism1357 Words   |  5 Pagesconsisting of Latinos? 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Our society’s forebearers planted the seeds of discrimination into our consciousness, as racism stems back into the middle ages. Many of our citizens are classified as second class, being disadvantaged in areas that other citizens are not. There is not a senseRead MoreResearch Proposal On Environmental Racism And Environmental Justice Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pages1404: Environmental Racism and Environmental Justice May 30, 2016 Andy Stanford (Instructor) This will be my paper research proposal on behave of the unit 8 Learning assignment as per requested; The Brief summary of my topic will be An environmental Justice / Environmental Racism. ThisRead MorePersonal Experience: Environmental Justice and Environmental Racism551 Words   |  2 PagesBefore this semester started, I had no idea what environmental justice was. I have come a long way since then and I have learned a lot. I have learned a lot more than I will be able to talk about in this essay. For this reason I have narrowed it down to three important topics that I find interesting and I feel I have learned the most about. Three things I have learned and will take with me after this course are Environmental racism, mountaintop removal, and ecological imperialism. One thing IRead MoreFlint Michig Human Rights And The Environmental Racism1145 Words   |  5 Pagesnumerous complaints about the water, the state took action in January 2016; the National Guard was called in to provide fresh water (Durando). The slow response of the state to the Flint Water Crisis was the disregard of human rights and the environmental racism at play. This essay will cover how these issues are not only prevalent in the United States but they are global issues. The Flint Water Crisis is a violation of human rights because the water provided to the people of Flint is considered toxicRead MoreFirst Nation Natives Vs. Environmental Racism1761 Words   |  8 PagesTopic: First Nation Natives vs Environmental Racism General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the injustices First Nations peoples once faced and continue to face in their environment. Thesis Statement: Environmental racism continues to be an issue among many native communities all across Canada. I. INTRODUCTION A. Attention Getter: Robert Bullard who’s often described as the father of environmental justice once said, â€Å"if a community is poor or

Counseling Ethics Liver Transplant Surgery

Question: Describe about the Counseling Ethics for Liver Transplant Surgery. Answer: Introduction to the Case of Dr Susan Lim Dr. Susan Lim is one of the leading surgeons of Singapore, who is famous for performing the first ever successful liver transplant surgery. However, her popularity decreased after the case of the Brunei family in 2007. She had charged 12million for performing the breast cancer treatment of Queen of Brunes sister. The fee that has been charged by Dr. Lim is considered to be excessive. The Singapore Medical Council has acquired her for not following the moral code of conduct and dis-respecting the ethical rules of the medical practice. She was also responsible for conducting the treatment for 110 days that lasted from January to June 2007. The longer duration of treatment helped Dr. Lim to raise the cost of the bill. The court of Singapore has issued a penalty of $10,000 and canceled her license of surgeons for the 3 years (Harding, 2016). This is one of the significant cases, where the physician is responsible for violating the moral code of medical practice. In this report, the moral dilemma that has occurred in the case of Dr. Lim is being discussed in details. The eight step model of ethical decision making is applied to explain the position of Dr. Lim. The moral position of Dr. Lim is also described along with the limitations of each theory. Moral dilemma faced by Dr Susan Lim In the modern world the physicians and surgeons have to face the challenge of providing high quality treatment to the patients and also lower the cost of medical service. Every medical professionals need to practice certain ethical code of conduct that will help them to ensure the safety of the patients. There are times, when the physicians had to higher the cost of treatment in order to provide the best quality treatment to the patients. However, there are times; the physicians raise the cost of treatment by prescribing unnecessary treatment and also recommending excessive medications. This helps them to increase their earnings and make better profit. For providing treatments to the rich and royal family the doctors often face the moral dilemma for providing the best quality treatment. In the case of Dr. Lim, it is her duty to follow the moral code of conduct and ensure that there is no discrimination that is done with the patients that may lower her reputation. However, as she is p roviding treatment to the Queen of Brunei, who belongs to the royal family, it is her duty to provide the best and advanced quality of treatment. After the incidence excessive billing charge the international reputation of Dr Lim as a renowned physicians will be compromised and she will also not able to practice in all parts of the world. Many patients will also not be able to seek medical treatment advice from her and she will not be able to make her capable contribution to the field of medical world. She will also lose the trust of her patients. The situation of moral dilemma can be resolved using the theories related to the ethical decision making. Application of 8-Step Ethical Decision model The eight steps of ethical decision making is one of the effective techniques that can be applied in order to ensure good ethical decisions are made during the time of ethical dilemma (Iphofen, 2016). Dr. Lim can make effective decisions about the medical treatment using the framework of the ethical decision model. Step one: Gathering of Facts The first step for applying the ethical decision model is gathering of the facts related to the incident (Patuzzo Manganotti, 2014). Dr Lim has to gather the facts about the treatment process and also provide facts like the clinical condition of the queen of Brunei family. With the help of further detail information related to the treatment process Dr. Lim can make need to provide the conclusion about the dilemmatic condition. It is also important to consider the uncertainty of the conditions that related to the treatment provided. The treatment of a disease like the breast cancer is done using the many assumptions. It is important to make sure about the assumptions are also included in the facts that is needed to resolve the ethical dilemma (Navabet al., 2016). Step two: Definition of the ethical issues The second step of the model is to provide definition of about the ethical issues. In this case, Dr. Lim has to define the ethical dilemma of the situation that will help to identify the particular crisis of the situation. It is common for physicians to face the moral dilemma during the time providing quality healthcare service. The expense of medical care needs to be reasonable, which will help to maintain the medical rights of the patients (Sobhani et al. 2016). With the help of proper definition of the ethical issue, it is possible to describe the complexity of the situation and also the exact area of conflict. In the case of Dr. Lim, she has faced the area of conflict is due to the excessive bill amount that she has claimed for doing the treatment of the Brune family member. She has also faced multiple area and elements of conflict that includes keeping the patient for several days and prescribing heavy and unnecessary medications. This has resulted in the serve side-effects of h er patients, which has caused in the worsening conditions of the patients. This is due to the fact that Dr. Lims primary focus to make maximum profit instead of ensuring the safety of the patients. She has also performed heavy diagnostic test on the patient, which had resulted in the worsening condition of the patients. The main ethical issues that is faced by Dr. Lim is due to the heavy billing that is imposed by her and it is essential for her to focus on this major issue instead of focusing on the multiple issues that is faced by her during the treatment. Step 3: Identify of the affected parties In the next step it is important for the physicians to focus on the individual and the groups of people, who are affected due to the ethical issue (Elwyn et al., 2012). In the case of Dr. Lim the primary affected group is the member of the Brune family, who got the treatment of breast cancer. With the identification of the primary stakeholders, who got affected due to the ethical dilemma, Dr. Lim can directly approach the group to settle the matter outside the legal court. She may payback the amount directly to her patient group. This will help to save her reputation to all the public and will also help her to not face the criminal proceedings of the court and face legal challenges. She can also seek help for the secondary stakeholders, who got affected due herb action of moral dilemma. This includes the members of the hospital, where she performed the treatment process. It is important for her to realize the affect of the ethical dilemma and the trouble that is faced by the patient due to her unethical actions. This will help her to take intervention steps to provide compensation to the affected groups. Step 4: Identify the Consequence There are several positive and negative consequences due to the ethical dilemma like situation. For Dr. Lim the primary negative effects are the loss of the reputation that she had to face. She will also face the risk of losing the fame, which she gained due to her past achievements. It is also important to distinguish the difference between the short and the long term consequences of the ethical dilemma (Heyler, 2016). In order to deal with the short term consequences, for Dr. Lim need to take the advice of legal professionals, which will help her to minimize the immediate effects of the court proceedings. On the other hand to deal with the long term consequence, this includes the compromise of the international reputation, Dr. Lim needs to provide treatment to at lower cost and also focus on the quality of care that is provided to the patients. Due to the act of Lim, the reputation of the Singapore medical care is also compromised and people will lose the faith on seeking better qu ality healthcare treatment. However, there is good chance that there will be barriers that will be faced by the Lim while making decisions about the ethical dilemmas. Nevertheless, in order to avoid the adverse consequence of the situation Lim needs to overcome the cognitive barriers that are faced by the organization. Step 5: Identification of the relevant principles, rights and justice issues By taking the assistance of the legal advisors, Dr. Lim needs to understand the ethical principles, which has been violated due to her action. Hence, thereafter she needs to ensure that the intervention steps taken by her do not cause harm to other groups or individual. Effective decision making process is essential to ensure that the consequences unethical actions can be avoided. She can also use the clinical data of her patient to justify about the high cost of treatment that is provided. She may also explain the necessary medical intervention that was required to provide relief to the patient. Step 6: Consideration of personal character and integrity Dr. Lim can also take assistance of her colleague and fellow physicians, who can provide moral support to her. She also needs to seek the support from them, which can help them to enhance the reputation. There are several popular newspapers, which published the incidents and it is the duty of Dr. Lim to provide proper justification of her position and therefore, which will help in the restoration her reputation. She needs to provide justification considering about the patients, who got affected due her unethical practice. Step 7: Creative thinking about the potential actions The justifications that are provided by Dr. Lim need to be strong and have sufficient evidence. This will prevent her opposition group to force her in the corner within the case. She also has to provide alternative justification and resolutions about the situation. She also needs to ensure that the parties, who are attached with her duty also do not get affected due to her decisions. Step 8: Checking of the Gut Finally, it is crucial that the decisions that are made by Dr. Lim are made according to the judicial guidelines. She needs to have clear idea to ensure that the decisions made do not violate the ethical rules. Having good faith and confidence in the decision making process, will help her to ensure to take effective decision. Description of Moral position using two moral theories and its limitations The theory of teleology is based on the moral fact that a decision needs to be made so that it protects the right of every individual. The consequence of every decision also needs to be considered. In case of Dr Lim, the decision of prescribing unnecessary medication and keeping the patient in hospital for longer duration was implemented to have greater profit. The patient group on the other hand, had to face adverse consequence by paying extra bills. This theory is based on the concept of hard universalism (Cockerham, 2014). The main limitation of this theory is that it does not focus on the aim of the situation that give raise an unethical situation. Moreover, it focuses only on the view point of one group and does not consider the opinions and position of the all other groups, who are involved. The Deontology theory or moral dilemma is based on the principle duty, where the right and the wrong side of a situation are judged based on the duty that is being performed (Brody, 2012). In the situation of Dr Lim, her primary duty was to give the best possible treatment to her patient based on the needs of the patient. However, using the fact that her patient belonged from the rich background she raised the cost of the treatment. The main limitation of this theory is that people, who follow the guidelines, do not focus on the ethical issues and blindly focus only on the moral duties. The use of the teleology and deontology theory is appropriate for the case of Dr. Lim as it helps in the matter of dealing with the case of ethical dilemma. As the principles of these theories are related to the case of moral dilemma, which is the main issue in case of Dr Lim, the use of this theory has helped to analyze the situation. It also helps to identify the incidents that has caused the ethical dilemma of the situation. Conclusion In order to seek support due to the legal issues that is faced by Dr Lim, she need to use the 8-step ethical decision making model. This will help her in the process of dilemma that is faced by her during after the incidence of overcharging of medical bill. This model will help her to seek medical support and thereby help in the process of getting moral and legal support. She needs to make effective decision in order to restore her reputation. She also needs to minimize the adverse legal effects, which will help her to avoid cancellation of license. 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